Questions &
Answers
Archive #2
[2000-2004]
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Answers
and Reactions
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I would appreciate if you could
please give me a good definition of «laid lines» and «chain lines». Thank you in advance. Mariana Libano (question received 24/02/2004) |
The chainlines are the imprints
left in the paper during the production process (the paper is thinner at that
point and more transparent when held up to the light) by the supporting
copper wires of the paper mould (which in their turn are supported by wooden
side bars of the mould frame), the laid lines or water lines together are the
pattern mark left by the dense grid of parallel wires, the actual sieve,
which are supported by (and attached to) the chain wires (standing at a 90
degrees angle). Chainlines generally stand apart some centimeters, waterlines
one or a few millimeters. The watermark - if present - is the mark left in
the paper by a copper wire figure attached to the grid, which is generally
supported by two or three chainlines (and of course the dense pattern of
water lines). Dr. Albert J. Elen |
As I research my family history I find 6 members living in David Melleney (question received 17/02/2004) |
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I just sent the message below to you. Someone with better eyes looked
at the watermark which is actually a date 1794, which corresponds to the
original printing date written under the print (As You Like It, Act 4, Scene 3).
Does that confirm it is from the original printing? This would seem to be the
case but fakesters might go to extremes...? Thanks for any information that
you can provide. I have recently acquired a number of these engravings and am trying to
determine if they are from the original printing, which would be late 18th or
very early 19th century(1803 or 1804 at latest) or if they are from later
19th century restrikes. Any suggestions? I have noticed a watermark on at
least one of the prints and it appears in two locations on that print. It
appears to be a series of four figures--numerals and letters, which may
include an N and a 7? Does that suggest a likely date range? Does anyone know
of the watermark that would be found on the original series of printings
(assuming the pages were watermarked)? Thanks for any assistance or
suggestions. Regards, Beth Wells-Parker (question received 01/02/2004) |
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Dear Sir or Madam, here in Martin Doutré,
Auckland, New Zealand (question received
31/01/2004) |
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I’m seeking information about a "IV" watermark that appears
in a drawing of the Danish castle Fridrichburg that may have been drawn by
the Polish architect Christoph Marselis (1670’ies-1731). Marselis stayed in Jakob Helt-Hansen (question received 17/01/2004) |
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Some chapbooks in the collection of the Carlo Dumontet (question received
15/01/2004) |
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Is there any standard 90/100gr paper with watermark available which is
produced in Harro
Moewes (question received
15/11/2003) |
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I have a watermark with a lion and the text: "FRATELLI
PICARDO", I want to know if this "fratelli" were sons of Bento
Picardo and if so in which period did they work? Patricia Sanchez (question received
8/8/2003) |
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I am interested in poured pulp grinding cylinders used in the 18 and
19 hundreds The concrete mix. Are forms available. How the symmetry was
maintained when pouring. Any other interesting information. I have several
old ones on my property. They weigh hundreds of pounds. They came from the IP
mill in (question received
31/7/2003) |
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I have some musical manuscripts composed by the same person either in
Ekaterinoslav (now Paula Eisenstein Baker (question received
24/6/2003) |
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Hi. I have a color print of (question received
21/5/2003) |
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I am an English hand paper maker and paper historian living in France,
and later this year I will be making a wooden stamper beater and re-
constructing an old paper mill in Normandy France for the museums of the
manch, I have information on the stamper beater at Richard de bas , pen mur,
and a few others along with details from Jean Louis Boithias book on mills.
Being a hand paper maker and historian I do not just want a working stamper
but a very good working re-construction, So I am looking for as much
information as possible on wooden stamper beaters at the moment, do you have
information which it would be possible to copy or know of information on old
stamper beaters. ( I am a member of the British Associations of paper
Historians) I would also be grateful of information on membership to the IPH.
Nigel Vellam (question received
21/5/2003) |
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Dear sir; Could either tell me when this watermark - AD VALCKE - was
used or direct me to someone who could answer my question. I have an etching
that has this watermark in the paper. Thank you for any assistance you can
give me. (question received 21/5/2003) |
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If you were wrapping a present in 1928, what would the paper look
like? Were there printed designs on paper, was it tissue paper or did it have
to be heavier brown wrapping paper? Thank you. (question received 16/5/2003) |
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I found a countermark on some drawings by Umberto Boccioni:
Schoellers-Hammer. I would like to know the name of the city where the
papermill was founded first and the approximate date of his foundation. I
would like also to know if in 1905-1910 there was exportation of paper from Gabriella Pace (question received
20/3/2003) |
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I am giving a paper on standardization of systems and would like to
know how paper size was decided. Was it determined by the technology or did
technology address an existing standard. Does this standard refer to current
A and B etc paper sizes? Thank you, Mary C Sheehan (question received
19/3/2003) |
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Any information on the papermills in the parish of Bledlow, Bucks.,
especially as they were around the 1830s, would be welcome. Their relation to
the large paper-making concentration around (question received
1/3/2003) |
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I am conducting research on three 19th century straw wrapping paper
mills in upstate Who is able to assist me in this inquiry? Chuck Friday (question received
17/2/2003) |
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I'm writing a research paper on the "Usability of
magazines", and would welcome source information on earliest possible
references to "usability" of paper. With usability I mean how paper
was expected to be used in practice and what exact purposes (commercial,
social, artistic, religious etc) were then thought of. I would like to know
how the potential significance of paper was seen and discussed when it was
first invented. And all this of course to understand better how we see it
today and in the electronic future. Many thanks in advance for help. Göte Nyman, (question received
10/2/2003) |
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I would like know when the first paper was produced in the State of R. McKee (question received
10/2/2003) |
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I'm writing a research paper on the "Usability of
magazines", and would welcome source information on earliest possible
references to "usability" of paper. With usability I mean how paper
was expected to be used in practice and what exact purposes (commercial,
social, artistic, religious etc) were then thought of. I would like to know
how the potential significance of paper was seen and discussed when it was
first invented. And all this of course to understand better how we see it
today and in the electronic future. Many thanks in advance for help.
(question received
10/2/2003) |
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I am writing a book about napkin holders. I am unable to find an event
in history earlier than 1905 that points to the manufacture of the paper
napkin. Any events
would be appreciated. Kenneth Sparks (question received
4/2/2003) |
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I am researching the use of paper by the Islamic conquerors of the Pamela Berkman (question received 24/1/2003) |
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To complete my documentation about the history of the Anciens
Etablissements Louis De Naeyer Soc. Anonyme at Prouvy-Thiant (Nord) Jean Merckx (question received
15/1/2003) |
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I have a handwritten book measuring 15 1/2 by 12 3/8 inches, open.
There are two watermarks: a crown over the letters GR and a larger Pro Patria
mark that includes a lion? and Britannia? within a palissade. Can you please
help me confirm its age. The front half of the book contains recipes,
including a cure for the bite of a mad dog. The rear contains what appears to
be a sermon, poetic tributes on the marriage of HRH the Prince of Orange to
the Princess Royal of Great Britain, a love poem and verses from John Gay's
The Beggars Opera and more. It all appears to point to a date around 1734. I
have no idea who the book belonged to as the cover has gone. Has any one any
tips to identifying it's provenence. It was found among family papers. Your
help would be much appreciated. Ann Donnelly (question received 9/1/2003) |
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I am researching engineers who made paper machines in James Bertram & Son Ltd Leith Walk Edinburgh built the following
machines. Sandy Thomson (answer received 6/12/2002) |
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I am trying to find out in connection with Whatman: (question received 6/12/2002) |
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I would like to know how far back Rives papers date. Would they go
back to France/Belgium/Luxembourg of the late eighteenth, early nineteenth
century? Would a watermark beginning with ad.m (looks like ad.v or ad.m but
ad.m makes more sense if this is a date) indicate anything? (question received
17/11/2002) |
See Carole Darnault, Rives, la mémoire du papier. Histoire d'une
papeterie dauphinoise, Grenoble 2000. |
I recently discovered the following watermark on a piece of robust
cold-pressed drawing paper used by the late 19th/early 20th century Québecois
(Canadian) architect, Zeppherin Perrault. To date I have not been able to
determine anything about the paper mill that produced the paper or where the
paper came from. The initials ''T & I(?) H'' appear at top with the word
'' Andrea Reichert (question received
28/10/2002) |
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I am trying to date a map of (question received 19/10/2002) |
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I have discovered a watermark on a single paper with perfect edges and
the striped pattern of laid vellum used by a cabinetmaker in Dawn Hutchins Bobryk (question received
10/8/2002) |
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I am currently researching the life of John Evans, the son-in-law of
John Dickinson (Nash/Apsley Mills etc.). In 1855 he was called as an expert
witness in a water rights dispute that was heard at the Kingston Assizes. I
imagine the dispute was of a similar kind to the one brought by (question received 20/9/2002) |
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I am researching a paper used in the production of postage stamps in (question received
26/8/2002) |
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My question is about a pioneer papermaker, Dr. Jacob Christian
Schaeffer. Does anyone know anything about the man and his family? One of his
daughters painted the flowers on some of his paper samples in his volumes of
experiments published in Christine Harrison (question received
8/8/2002) |
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I have a framed picture of a young mother holding a baby with an angel
sitting behind in the background. The picture is on paper and has to be held
up to the light because it is a water marking drawing. Anyone know anything
about this beautiful picture and if it is valuable. The signature on the
bottom of the drawing is Pietro Miliani Fabriano. (question received
13/7/2002) |
What you have is a shadow watermark portrait. It was
made by the Cartiere Miliani in (answer received
13/7/2002) |
I am looking for informations about papermaker family Sterz from
Schwarzenfells near Hanau (Hesse, Germany) (Paul Sterz, died between
1626-1636) and their relationship to the papermaker family Sterz from Lhota
Rapotina near Boskovice in Moravia (Johann Sterz lived ca. 1630-1670). Can
you help me, please? (question received 3/7/2002) |
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I have acquired a collection of prints by Charles Heaney (American,
1897-1981), one of which is on paper watermarked "J. Whatman 1952",
(James Whatman, (question received
12/4/2002) |
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I need too know what cards where made of in the 1400's. The reason why
is Im researching the Tarocchi (tarot) deck. I have several letters out too
what few museums have cards that date too period and one response stated that
the Brambilla Tarot (1440-45) is tempera and gold on pressed cardboard. Its
currently housed at the Pinacoteca di Brera in (question received
11/4/2002) |
Dear Mrs Kathleen, Prof. Franco Mariani (Answer received 27/8/2002) From the documentation available in the Belgian play card museum at
Turnhout, play cards were fabricated from different layers of paper that were
glued to each other. The inner paper layers were of poor quality. Outside
layers were better quality as they had to be printed. Morover the equal
quality of the outlook was important to avoid that one could determin which
card an other player had in hand. Currently I study the production of the
poor quality paper used for the inside. It is most probably that this paper
was called 'grey paper' and the region of Inge van Wegens (Answer received
28/1/2003) |
I have a drawing on paper which is watermarked "IMITATION
STEINBACH" the drawing should date before 1916, does anyone have any
information about this paper, is it modern, of could it be old? Edward Harpley (question received
28/3/2002) |
Steinbach is the tradename of a Belgian paper mill which was founded
in the late 18the century. At that time the city of Jos De Gelas (answer received
2/2/2003) |
Hello. Are you aware of any documents or maps that were made during
the Revolutionary War that would have used wove paper? Also, have you ever
heard of the watermark entitled Gilmour and Brothers that would have been
used during the late 18th or early 19th century? Any information would be
appreciated. Thanks. Ellen Kehr (question received 25/3/2002) |
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I am researching the type of paper which would have been available
aboard a Delilah Tayloe (question received
15/3/2002) |
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I work at Norske Ed Lomax (question received
15/3/2002) |
To answer your question we have to take a French dictionary. 'Coucher'
in the French language means 'to lay dawn'. During the handmade paper
production times the second man at the vat who laid dawn the sheets on the
felts was called the 'coucheur'. Later on when the paper production was
mechanised the term remained to indicate the roll on the paper machine that
received the wet paper from the sieve. The same terminology also exists in
the board industry. Jos De Gelas |
Hello Sir or Madame, My Husband and I are debating as to the age of
the paper making process...including, reed, rice etc. I am listing towards
common sense and believe that people have been writing on paper for approx.
6,000 yrs. He leans more towards the conservative notion of 2,000 years. Who
is more correct. Thank you in Advance, Daniella Cross (1st question received 25/2/2002) Thank you so much Sir for your very expeditious reply. But before I
send out the town crier...I found a site, http://www.paperonline.org/history/3000/3000.html
and it states that Tapa dates back to 3000bc. Now if this is legitimate
information, my Dear Husband ... as much as I do love him, would be wrong.
What is your professional Opinion on this matter, in light of my findings? Very
respectful of your time, Daniella Cross (2nd question received 28/2/2002) |
Dear mrs. Cross, Dr. Albert Elen (1st answer received 28/2/2002) Dear Madam, Dr. Albert Elen (2nd answer received
1/3/2002) |
I would like information on Victorian stationery watermarked
"Perry & Sons." Was this a rather unusual and exclusive item or
would it be commonly available? Does the company still exist? Gary Nargi (question received
10/12/2001) |
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I'm looking for information on the Albinoni family and their
involvement in paper making. I am a paper maker and oboe player, and played
many of Tomaso Albinoni's works for the oboe, and I only know that he came
from a paper maker's family. (question received
20/10/2001) |
To Mr Neumann Prof. Franco Mariani |
Je recherche toutes les applications possibles du papier dans
l'industrie autres que bureautiques et informatiques. Plus exactement dans
les processus de fabrication en tant que bandes transporteuses ou
intercalaires, et autres. Qui utilise le papier technique? quand utilise t-on
le papier technique? Pourquoi? I am researching all kinds of applications of paper in the industry. I
would to know when paper is used in a process of industrial production, by
who and why. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Jerome Pascale (question received 16/10/2001) |
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Census records for Leasingham in Lincolnshire (UK) show an area called
Paper Mills. I believe there was a mill here and a small community developed
around it. The records show families living in houses with addresses ie 2
Paper Mills. I am working on a Cert. in Local History and would like to do my
final dissertation on this community. I would be very grateful for any info.
on Paper mills but more importantly the community that built around them,
info on Leasingham would be like gold dust !!. Karen Warner (question received
7/10/2001) |
According to records there were several papermills
in Leasingham including one reported to have been in use in the 15th century,
which would make it the oldest papermill in Christine Harrison |
I am trying to find out when the first wrapping paper, commercial I
guess, was produced. From what I have found out wrapping paper began to be
used about 1880, slowly becoming popular around 1910 or 1920, but I can find
no information on who first made it, when, where and what inspired them. Any
information on the subject would be GREATLY appreciated! Tina Van Rikxoord (question received
4/10/2001) |
Carl Hoffman (A practical treatise on the manufacture of paper, book
translate in German,1876, and in French, 1877) speaks in 1873 about wrapping
paper made with the straw, the jute or the manilla. He quotes a special,
satiny paper, on base of manilla to pack steels. One can suppose that the
industrial production of this sort of paper began towards 1850, before,
maybe. Before the first patent for the corrugated cardboard ( Denis Peaucelle |
Who can give me information on the three watermarks shown here? Many
thanks in advance! (question received 01/10/2001) |
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I have an old watermark ---- I have a Blauw watermark with IV underneath the name D and C Blauw and
their full watermark to the right of the paper. Is it an unusual mark? Can
you show me a full image please? (questions received
7/9/2001) |
D&C Blauw is a common watermark used in |
Please what is the approximate year of the watermark below? It is
similar, but different from Briquet 4832, Piccard 112 and others. Thanks very much in advance. (question received
3/9/2001) |
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Je recherche des informations concernant les producteurs de gélatine pour
papier photographique de 185 0 à ce jour. merci d'avance. (question received 2/9/2001) |
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What is the best way to get rid of the moldy, musty smell of a book
that has been stored for many years in a damp, dark basement? I found a
favorite book after many years of being stored in such a place and it had
this smell as well as many black dots of mold on the exposed edges of the
book perpendicular and parallel to the spine. I swiped these surfaces with a
damp cloth containing bleach and it removed many of the tiny dots of mold,
but the book still has a musty smell. Any thoughts on an inexpensive way to
get rid of the smell? (question received
27/8/2001) |
It's really simple. Just leave the book in a room that gets lots of
fresh air and leve it there for a while. Make sure that it isn't damp in
there though. I'm not sure if this will work, but I think it will. Bye and
good luck! Alan Atwood We have been successful in placing the book inside a plastic bag with
a small piece of cellulose sponge in a small dish and covered with isopropal
or "rubbing" alcohol. Close the bag up and leave where it will not
be disturbed for several days. Then air the book. Works well on small
projects but we have used on flood damaged newspaper binders. Dawn Hutchins Bobryk |
I would be interested in exhanging info about papermakers from (question received 6/7/2001) |
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Has anyone heard of the name Frank "Spaetling" Speedling
associated with a papermill in the (question received
1/7/2001) |
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On behalf of a friend of mine (Dr Rosário Campos), who is starting her
thesis about a Portuguese paper factory, which started working in the end of
the 17th century , I’d like to ask for your help, specially, bibliography
related to Spain (above all Cuenca) and Italy (Genova). (question received
14/6/2001) |
Yo he estudiado
la fabricacion del papel en Zaragoza durante las dos primeras décadas del
siglo XVI y publique mis investigaciones en: La producción y distribución del
libro en Zaragoza, 1501-1521. Aunque es anterior a la fecha de su interés
puede resultarle interesante porque algunos de los olinos mencionados
perviven hasta el siglo XX. |
I have come across the following words in documents relating to paper
mills. What do they mean? "corkle room with chimney" is it really
cockle, meaning a drying stove or the cockle edge of paper? (question received
7/6/2001) |
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I have a handwritten book supposed to be from 1773 and which I think
was written in England.The watermark(s) on different pages are: A crown with
the letters GB beneath it, a diamond shape drawn with double lines, with what
appears to be "I O" inside the diamond. Can anyone provide
information on these watermarks, and can anyone tell me if there is a
catalogue or database of watermarks available on the internet? Richard Barber (question received
28/5/2001) |
Try this link for Gravell's database. |
In order to be able to study the way the production process of paper
spread from France to Belgium and later on to Holland I am interested to know
books and articles that have been published about paper mill in the Northwest
of France. The period needs to be before 1450. Titles are OK but copies would
be better. (question received 27/4/2001) |
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What would be the heaviest paper (expressed in
gr/m2) to be used in modern paper fabrication which could include a
watermark? This paper would be used for diplomas and should be as heavy as
possible. Thank you
for any information. |
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I believe I heard that the inventor of wood-pulp
paper (I'm assuming this would be Hugh Burgess) was inspired by the example
of the paper wasp. The inspiration was that if the wasp could do it, perhaps
he could also. Can someone point me to a reference that confirms this? |
In response to Bob Seidensticker getting the idea to
use wood in paper from wasps here is a quote from Rene de Reaumur in 1719: "The American wasps make a very fine paper . . . they extract the
fiber of common wood and teach us that one can make paper from fibers of
plants without using rags or linen." Although he stated this in 1719, no one took him seriously until many
years later. Reference: The 5th Wonder of Paper, pp 4.4. It is an old
book and I would love to give you the author, but I can't find the book. Lynne A. Bender Reply to Lynne Bender's quote: John H Ainsworth is the author if
that's any help, and the book was published in 1959. Helen Clowes "Although he stated this in 1719, no one took him seriously until
many years later. Reference: The 5th Wonder of Paper, pp 4.4. It is an old
book and I would love to give you the author, but I can't find the book." |
(question received
/2001) |
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I am looking for information regarding the Halbeisen
family and its involvment in the paper making trade in 15th century |
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Currently, I am doing a research project on the
technical evolution of the papermachine. Therefore I am looking for
databases,books, catalogues,etc. which contain data on the technical
specifications (i.e., speed, width, etc.) of a large number of papermachines.
I am especially interested in data for the |
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I am researching the orgin of paper in the |
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I would like to know if anyone has any information
about the historical background of Paper, Papermaking and Paper mills from
the 16th to the 18th century in Upper and |
I think that Mr Kwaczik can have an appropriate answer from Prof.
Dieter Freyer ( Franco Mariani |
A local historical society has discovered ruins of a
Paper mill circa |
If I can get a photograph of the still, I might be able to assist in
determining the use. I have excavated some papermills myself an have got some
experience. Mail to: Jos De Gelas,
Destelheide 73-75, B-1653 Dworp, Belgium (answer received
27/4/2001) |
I'm looking for information regarding Turner paper produced in Martin
Becka |
This former German paper industry has been studied by Walter Kaefer
IPH member. Two issues from his hand are known to me. If you are interested,
copies can be provided against payment. Contact address: Jos De
Gelas, Destelheidestraat 73/75, B-1653 Dworp, Belgium (answer received
27/4/2001) As far as BPH is aware and can trace in their
database two publications exist on the papermills in Malmedy and contain
information about the Steinbach Mill. Both publications are in the French
laguage from the hand of Walter Kaefer, one of our members. One has the title
"Propos d'archéologie industrielle: Les Malmédiens Jules Steinbach at
Romain Talbot. Leur contribution au développement de l'industrie
photographique". It seems that the paper for photographic use was traded
under the brand name "Papier de Saxe". This is as far as we got on
the topic but Walter Kaefer might be able to assist in depth. Please note
that he only speaks French and some German. Kind regards. Jos De Gelas (answer
received 11/10/2000) Bower, Peter, Turner's Papers:a Study of the Manufacture, Selection
and Use of his Drawing Papers 1787-1820, Tate Gallery, London 1991 I noted incidently by browsing on the web that someone was interested
in historical data about he Steinbach paper mill in the 18th century. The
founders of this mill happened to be my ancestors( my grand-grand mother was
Laure Steinbach), and I do have some historical data about the mill. please
tell me if you are interested.
|
Who knows a product named "ONOMA-Paper". It was published as
special product by the papermill in Buetzow (North-Germany, Roman
Luplow |
vielleicht das, dass
"onoma" ein griechisches Wort ist und "Name" bedeut. great thanks for the forwarded comment! This interpretation of the
word ONOMA gave Mr. Feyerabend on our regional conference in March of this
year. But only the lingual interpretation (from latin) was presented by him,
a mightly technological or technical interpretation of this patent we
could'nt find. We thought, that the ONOMA-paper could eventually be an paper
with a personally embossed name=onoma (calander or ...?) or anyone else like
this. Could it be a substitute for the watermark in letter-papers offered for
low-consumer-packaging-papers? The papermill at Buetzow (the formerly
patent-holder) used in the middle of the thirties only a Fourdrinier-machine
for low-quality papers (package-, Schrenz- ...) and one for very fine silk-papers.
They only manufactured low-cost-paper from recycled material and silk paper
from importet pulp. A recherche at the Patentamt Berlin gave us no newer
information because the old patents (before 1950) are not registered by
keywords. Our only hope is, that one of Your members or an old papermaker
(reading Your Q&A) can give us the necessary help.-)Greetings to all
members of IPH and Best regards |
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